A literatura, assim como todas as artes, tem como função primordial causar certo deleite, espanto, sensação de preenchimento daquilo que sentimos, mas não sabemos como expressá-lo, quer seja em palavras, pinturas, imagens, sons, etc. Porém, um poema, uma crônica, um conto, um romance transportam-nos ao desconhecido, à fantasia, àquilo que não conseguimos nomear, mas que nos dão um sentimento de completude, de transcendência…
Os livros de literatura, para muitos leitores, são meios de transportes da mente, que os permitem, através da leitura, como tapetes voadores, penetrar em diversas épocas da história e em diversos mundos, modificando a sua forma de pensar e até influenciando sua maneira de agir, o que reflete no seu relacionamento social.
Há quem diga que o livro seja capaz de transformar vidas. Inúmeros escritores relatam essa experiência. Muitos se tornaram escritores a partir da leitura de determinado livro. Quantos, em convalescença em uma cama de hospital, ao lerem um livro, passaram a redigir a própria história, ou tornaram-se personagens de seus futuros livros.
O escritor mineiro de Cataguases, Luiz Ruffato, descreve a sua descoberta da literatura, quando, na escola, em sua timidez, tinha por hábito andar encostando-se às paredes. Certo dia, caiu, literalmente, dentro da biblioteca. A bibliotecária não teve dúvidas: colocou-lhe um livro na mão. Em casa, ao abri-lo, as portas do universo se abriram para ele e Ruffato nunca mais foi o mesmo.
A leitura de um livro nos faz mergulhar tanto no conteúdo, que somos incapazes de ver e ouvir o que acontece ao redor. Prova disso, está num trecho na contracapa do livro: “O Sr. Pip”, do neozelandês, Lhoyd Jones: É impossível fingir que está lendo um livro. Seus olhos irão traí-lo. Assim como sua respiração. Uma pessoa fascinada por um livro simplesmente se esquece de respirar. A casa pode pegar fogo, e o leitor mergulhado num livro só erguerá os olhos quando o papel de paredes estiver em chamas.”
A influência que um livro exerce no leitor é relatada neste livro pela personagem, Matilda, ao ouvir a leitura do livro: “Grandes Esperanças”, de Charles Dickens. A escritora norte-americana, Alice Walker, autora do livro “A Cor Púrpura” transformado em filme, afirma que Charles Dickens, por meio da sua literatura, denunciava o trabalho infantil, e, a partir de então, a sociedade se conscientizou de que a criança tem de brincar e não ser submetida a trabalhos forçados.
O escritor Luiz Fernando Veríssimo, apesar de sua escrita humorística, se diz muito tímido. Assim, a escrita foi a maneira que ele encontrou para se revelar, driblando a timidez.
Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis (21/06/1839-29/09/1908), mulato, de origem pobre, era gago. Talvez, por isso, sua obra seja de tamanha magnitude, pois, com receio em se expressar oralmente, devido à gagueira, Machado trouxe para o papel um manancial de riqueza literária, brindando-nos com a sua verve irônica e poética.
Poder-se-ia dizer, então, que a literatura funciona como um emplasto para as nossas dores do corpo e da alma? Que o diga, Machado de Assis, em “Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas”.
A escritora Nélida Piñon afirmou certa vez em conferência: depois que li “Crime e Castigo” de Dostoievski, nunca mais fui a mesma.
Na Biblioteca Pública de Santiago, no Chile, criou-se o “Divã Literário”. Foi contratada uma médica pela instituição, que ao conversar com cada “paciente”, faz um diagnóstico e prescreve o livro mais adequado ao caso. “Ainda não se sabe quais os resultados médicos da ação, mas uma coisa é fato: o número de leitores e de obras emprestadas aumentou consideravelmente.”
Logo, é impossível não reconhecer que, de alguma forma ou de outra, a literatura pode interferir consideravelmente nas relações humanas, modificando o social.
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